X-ray Raman Scattering (XRS, often also called nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering), is a hard x-ray alternative to soft x-ray NEXAFS. I'll review the basic physics, including the role of momentum transfer to tune selection rules. And I'll explain Raman's involvement, or lack thereof. References: https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.214117 and https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.053202 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuKA81-R7-w